A kasar Sin, ana kiranta "qi," alamar lafiya. A Masar an kira shi “ankh,” alamar rai madawwami. Ga Phoeniciyawa, zancen ya yi daidai da Aphrodite—allolin ƙauna da kyakkyawa.
Waɗannan tsoffin wayewar suna magana ne ga jan ƙarfe, wani abu da al'adu a duk faɗin duniya suka gane yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyarmu fiye da shekaru 5,000. Lokacin da mura, ƙwayoyin cuta kamar E. coli, superbugs kamar MRSA, ko ma coronaviruses suna sauka a kan mafi yawan wurare masu wuya, za su iya rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki huɗu zuwa biyar. Amma idan sun sauka akan tagulla, da kuma tagulla kamar tagulla, sun fara mutuwa cikin mintuna kaɗan kuma ba a iya gano su cikin sa'o'i.
"Mun ga ƙwayoyin cuta suna bazuwa kawai," in ji Bill Keevil, farfesa na kula da lafiyar muhalli a Jami'ar Southampton. “Suna sauka a kan tagulla kuma hakan yana ƙasƙantar da su.” Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a Indiya, mutane suna shan tagulla daga kofuna na tagulla shekaru dubu da yawa. Ko a nan Amurka, layin jan karfe yana kawo ruwan sha. Copper abu ne na halitta, m, antimicrobial abu. Yana iya sarrafa samansa da kansa ba tare da buƙatar wutar lantarki ko bleach ba.
Copper ya bunƙasa a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu a matsayin kayan abu, kayan aiki, da gine-gine. Har yanzu ana amfani da Copper sosai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar wutar lantarki-kasuwar tagulla, a zahiri, tana girma saboda kayan shine jagora mai inganci. Amma an fitar da kayan daga aikace-aikacen gini da yawa ta hanyar raƙuman sabbin abubuwa daga ƙarni na 20. Filastik, gilashin zafi, aluminum, da bakin karfe sune kayan zamani - ana amfani da su don komai daga gine-gine zuwa samfuran Apple. Ƙofar Ƙofar Brass da ginshiƙan hannu sun fita daga salo kamar yadda masu gine-gine da masu zanen kaya suka zaɓi kayan sleeker (kuma sau da yawa mai rahusa).
Yanzu Keevil ya yi imanin cewa lokaci ya yi da za a dawo da jan karfe a wuraren jama'a, da asibitoci musamman. A cikin fuskantar makoma mai cike da annoba ta duniya, yakamata mu yi amfani da tagulla a cikin kiwon lafiya, jigilar jama'a, har ma da gidajenmu. Kuma yayin da ya yi latti don dakatar da COVID-19, bai yi wuri ba don tunani game da cutar tamu ta gaba. Amfanin jan ƙarfe, ƙididdigewa.
Da mun ga yana zuwa, kuma a zahiri, wani ya yi.
A cikin 1983, mai binciken likita Phyllis J. Kuhn ta rubuta sharhi na farko game da bacewar jan karfe da ta gani a asibitoci. A yayin atisayen horaswa kan tsafta a cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta Hamot da ke Pittsburgh, dalibai sun zagaya wurare daban-daban a kusa da asibitin, da suka hada da kwanon bayan gida da kullin kofa. Ta lura da bayan gida sun kasance masu tsabta daga ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da wasu kayan aikin sun kasance datti musamman kuma sun girma kwayoyin cuta masu haɗari lokacin da aka bar su su ninka a kan faranti na agar.
“Kwanan kofofin bakin karfe masu kyalli da kyalli da faranti na turawa sun yi kama da tsabta a kofar asibiti. Akasin haka, ƙwanƙolin ƙofa da faranti na tarkacen tagulla sun yi ƙazanta da ƙazanta,” ta rubuta a lokacin. "Amma ko da lokacin da aka lalata, tagulla - wani gami da yawanci na 67% jan karfe da 33% zinc - yana kashe kwayoyin cuta, yayin da bakin karfe - kusan 88% baƙin ƙarfe da 12% chromium - ba ya hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta."
Daga ƙarshe, ta nade takardarta tare da isasshiyar ƙarshe mai sauƙi don tsarin kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya. “Idan ana gyaran asibitin ku, ku yi ƙoƙarin riƙe tsofaffin kayan aikin tagulla ko kuma a maimaita su; idan kuna da kayan aikin bakin karfe, tabbatar da cewa ana kashe shi kullun, musamman a wuraren kulawa mai mahimmanci. ”
Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, kuma an yarda tare da kudade daga Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Copper (ƙungiyar kasuwancin masana'antar tagulla), Keevil ya ƙara tura binciken Kuhn. Yin aiki a cikin dakin bincikensa tare da wasu cututtukan da ake jin tsoro a duniya, ya nuna cewa ba wai kawai jan karfe yana kashe kwayoyin cutar da kyau ba; yana kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
A cikin aikin Keevil, yana tsoma farantin tagulla a cikin barasa don bakara ta. Sannan yana tsoma shi a cikin acetone don kawar da duk wani mai. Sa'an nan kuma ya zubar da ɗan ƙwayar cuta a saman. A lokaci guda ya bushe. Samfurin yana zaune a ko'ina daga ƴan mintuna zuwa ƴan kwanaki. Sa'an nan kuma ya girgiza shi a cikin akwati cike da gilashin gilashi da ruwa. Beads suna goge ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ruwa, kuma za'a iya gwada ruwan don gano kasancewar su. A wasu lokuta, ya ɓullo da hanyoyin microscopy waɗanda ke ba shi damar kallo-da rikodin-wani cuta da tagulla ke lalata shi lokacin da ya faɗo saman.
Tasirin yana kama da sihiri, in ji shi, amma a wannan lokacin, abubuwan da ke faruwa a wasan kimiyya sun fahimci sosai. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta suka afka cikin farantin, suna cika da ions na jan karfe. Waɗannan ions suna shiga cikin sel da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar harsasai. Tagulla ba wai kawai tana kashe waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ba; yana lalata su, har zuwa sinadarai na nucleic, ko tsarin haifuwa, a ciki.
Keevil ya ce: "Babu damar maye gurbi [ko juyin halitta] domin ana lalata dukkan kwayoyin halitta. "Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ainihin fa'idodin jan ƙarfe." A wasu kalmomi, yin amfani da jan ƙarfe ba ya zuwa tare da haɗarin, a ce, yawan rubuta maganin rigakafi. Yana da kyau kawai.
A cikin gwaje-gwaje na zahiri, jan ƙarfe yana tabbatar da ƙimar sa A waje da dakin gwaje-gwaje, wasu masu bincike sun bi diddigin ko jan ƙarfe yana yin bambanci idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin rayuwa na zahiri-wanda ya haɗa da kullin ƙofar asibiti don wasu, amma kuma wurare kamar gadaje asibiti, baƙi- kujera, har ma da IV tsaye. A cikin 2015, masu binciken da ke aiki a kan tallafin Ma'aikatar Tsaro sun kwatanta adadin kamuwa da cuta a asibitoci uku, kuma sun gano cewa lokacin da aka yi amfani da alluran jan karfe a asibitoci uku, ya rage yawan kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar. 58%. An yi irin wannan binciken a cikin 2016 a cikin sashin kula da lafiyar yara, wanda ya tsara irin wannan raguwa mai ban sha'awa a cikin adadin kamuwa da cuta.
Amma batun kashe kudi fa? Copper koyaushe yana da tsada fiye da filastik ko aluminum, kuma galibi madadin ƙarfe ne mai tsada. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da cewa cututtukan da ke haifar da asibiti suna kashe tsarin kiwon lafiya kusan dala biliyan 45 a shekara - ban da kashe kusan mutane 90,000 - farashin haɓaka tagulla ba shi da komai idan aka kwatanta.
Keevil, wanda ba ya samun kuɗi daga masana'antar tagulla, ya yi imanin cewa alhakin ya rataya ga masu gine-gine don zaɓar jan ƙarfe a cikin sabbin ayyukan gini. Copper shine farkon (kuma ya zuwa yanzu shine na ƙarshe) saman ƙarfe na rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta wanda EPA ta amince da shi. (Kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar azurfa sun yi ƙoƙari kuma sun kasa yin iƙirarin cewa maganin rigakafi ne, wanda a zahiri ya haifar da tarar EPA.) Ƙungiyoyin masana'antu na Copper sun yi rajista fiye da 400 na jan karfe tare da EPA har zuwa yau. "Mun nuna jan karfe-nickel yana da kyau kamar tagulla wajen kashe kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta," in ji shi. Kuma nickel na jan karfe baya buƙatar kama da tsohon ƙaho; ba a iya bambanta shi da bakin karfe.
Dangane da sauran gine-ginen duniya waɗanda ba a sabunta su ba don fitar da tsoffin kayan aikin tagulla, Keevil yana da wata shawara: “Kada ku cire su, duk abin da kuke yi. Waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun abubuwan da kuka samu. ”
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-25-2021