A ƙasar Sin, ana kiranta "qi," wato alamar lafiya. A ƙasar Masar ana kiranta "ankh," wato alamar rai madawwami. Ga mutanen Phoenicians, ambaton yana kama da Aphrodite - allahiyar ƙauna da kyau.
Waɗannan tsoffin wayewar suna nufin jan ƙarfe, wani abu da al'adu a faɗin duniya suka gane a matsayin mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiyarmu tsawon sama da shekaru 5,000. Lokacin da mura, ƙwayoyin cuta kamar E. coli, superbugs kamar MRSA, ko ma coronaviruses suka sauka a kan mafi yawan wurare masu tauri, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki huɗu zuwa biyar. Amma idan suka sauka a kan jan ƙarfe, kuma ƙarfe kamar tagulla, suna fara mutuwa cikin mintuna kaɗan kuma ba za a iya gano su cikin awanni ba.
"Mun ga ƙwayoyin cuta suna wargazawa," in ji Bill Keevil, farfesa a fannin kula da muhalli a Jami'ar Southampton. "Suna sauka a kan jan ƙarfe kuma yana lalata su kawai." Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a Indiya, mutane suna shan kofunan jan ƙarfe tsawon shekaru aru-aru. Ko a nan Amurka, layin jan ƙarfe yana kawo ruwan sha. Jan ƙarfe abu ne na halitta, mai aiki, kuma mai kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana iya tsaftace saman sa ba tare da buƙatar wutar lantarki ko bleach ba.
Tagulla ta bunƙasa a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu a matsayin kayan aiki ga abubuwa, kayan aiki, da gine-gine. Har yanzu ana amfani da tagulla sosai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na wutar lantarki - a zahiri, kasuwar tagulla tana girma saboda kayan suna da tasiri sosai ga mai jagoranci. Amma an fitar da kayan daga aikace-aikacen gini da yawa ta hanyar sabbin kayayyaki daga ƙarni na 20. Roba, gilashi mai zafi, aluminum, da bakin ƙarfe sune kayan zamani - ana amfani da su don komai daga gine-gine zuwa samfuran Apple. Maɓallan ƙofofi da sandunan hannu na tagulla sun fita daga salo yayin da masu gine-gine da masu zane suka zaɓi kayan da suka fi kyau (kuma galibi suna da rahusa).
Yanzu Keevil ya yi imanin cewa lokaci ya yi da za a dawo da jan ƙarfe a wuraren jama'a, musamman asibitoci. Dangane da makomar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba cike da annoba ta duniya, ya kamata mu yi amfani da jan ƙarfe a fannin kiwon lafiya, jigilar jama'a, har ma da gidajenmu. Kuma yayin da lokaci ya yi da za a dakatar da COVID-19, ba a yi wuri ba a yi tunanin annobarmu ta gaba. Fa'idodin jan ƙarfe, an ƙididdige su.
Ya kamata mu ga yana zuwa, kuma a zahiri, wani ya gani.
A shekarar 1983, mai bincike kan harkokin lafiya Phyllis J. Kuhn ta rubuta sharhin farko game da ɓacewar jan ƙarfe da ta lura a asibitoci. A lokacin wani atisaye kan tsafta a cibiyar lafiya ta Hamot da ke Pittsburgh, ɗalibai sun goge wurare daban-daban da ke kewaye da asibitin, ciki har da kwano da maɓallan ƙofa. Ta lura cewa bayan gida ba shi da ƙwayoyin cuta, yayin da wasu daga cikin kayan aikin sun yi datti sosai kuma suna haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari idan aka bar su su hayayyafa a kan faranti na agar.
"Makullan ƙofa masu sheƙi da faranti masu launin bakin ƙarfe da aka tura suna da tsabta a ƙofar asibiti. Akasin haka, makullan ƙofa da faranti masu launin tagulla masu launin shuɗi suna kama da datti da gurɓatawa," ta rubuta a lokacin. "Amma ko da lokacin da aka yi datti, tagulla - ƙarfe mai yawan kashi 67% na jan ƙarfe da kashi 33% na zinc - [yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta], yayin da bakin ƙarfe - kusan kashi 88% na baƙin ƙarfe da kashi 12% na chromium - ba ya hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta."
Daga ƙarshe, ta naɗe takardarta da cikakkiyar kammalawa ga dukkan tsarin kiwon lafiya. "Idan ana gyaran asibitin ku, ku yi ƙoƙarin riƙe tsoffin kayan aikin tagulla ko kuma a maimaita su; idan kuna da kayan aikin ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, ku tabbatar an tsaftace shi kowace rana, musamman a wuraren kulawa mai tsanani."
Shekaru da dama bayan haka, kuma da gaske tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Copper (ƙungiyar cinikin masana'antar jan ƙarfe), Keevil ya ƙara himma wajen binciken Kuhn. Yana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwajensa tare da wasu daga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta da aka fi tsoro a duniya, ya nuna cewa ba wai kawai jan ƙarfe yana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta yadda ya kamata ba; yana kuma kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
A cikin aikin Keevil, ya tsoma faranti na tagulla a cikin barasa don ya tsaftace shi. Sannan ya tsoma shi a cikin acetone don kawar da duk wani mai da ke waje. Sannan ya zuba ɗan ƙwayoyin cuta a saman. A ɗan lokaci ya bushe. Samfurin yana zaune na tsawon mintuna kaɗan zuwa 'yan kwanaki. Sannan ya girgiza shi a cikin akwati cike da kwalaben gilashi da ruwa. Ƙwayoyin suna goge ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta cikin ruwan, kuma ana iya ɗaukar samfurin ruwan don gano kasancewarsu. A wasu lokuta, ya ƙirƙiri hanyoyin duba ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke ba shi damar kallon - da yin rikodin - wani ƙwayar cuta da jan ƙarfe ke lalata da zarar ya faɗo saman.
Ya ce tasirin yana kama da sihiri, amma a wannan lokacin, abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin wannan yanayi kimiyya ce da aka fahimta sosai. Idan kwayar cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta ta afka wa farantin, yana cika da ions na jan ƙarfe. Waɗannan ions suna shiga cikin ƙwayoyin halitta da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar harsasai. Tagulla ba wai kawai yana kashe waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ba ne; yana lalata su, har zuwa ƙwayoyin nucleic acid, ko kuma zane-zanen haihuwa, a ciki.
"Babu wata damar rikidewa [ko juyin halitta] saboda ana lalata dukkan kwayoyin halitta," in ji Keevil. "Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin fa'idodin jan ƙarfe." A wata ma'anar, amfani da jan ƙarfe ba ya zuwa da haɗarin, misali, yin amfani da maganin rigakafi fiye da kima. Kawai kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne.
A cikin gwaji na zahiri, jan ƙarfe ya tabbatar da darajarsa A wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje, wasu masu bincike sun binciki ko jan ƙarfe yana da wani canji idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin lafiya na gaske - wanda ya haɗa da maɓallan ƙofofin asibiti na wasu, amma kuma wurare kamar gadajen asibiti, madafun hannu na kujera, har ma da wuraren tsayawa na IV. A cikin 2015, masu bincike da ke aiki a kan tallafin Ma'aikatar Tsaro sun kwatanta adadin kamuwa da cuta a asibitoci uku, kuma sun gano cewa lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe a asibitoci uku, ya rage yawan kamuwa da cuta da kashi 58%. An yi irin wannan binciken a cikin 2016 a cikin sashin kula da yara na gaggawa, wanda ya nuna raguwa mai ban mamaki a yawan kamuwa da cuta.
Amma fa game da kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa? Tagulla koyaushe ya fi tsada fiye da filastik ko aluminum, kuma sau da yawa madadin ƙarfe ne mai tsada. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da cewa cututtukan da ake ɗauka a asibiti suna kashe tsarin kiwon lafiya har dala biliyan 45 a shekara—ba tare da ambaton kashe mutane har 90,000 ba—kuɗin haɓakawar tagulla ba shi da yawa idan aka kwatanta.
Keevil, wanda ba ya samun kuɗi daga masana'antar jan ƙarfe, ya yi imanin cewa alhakin ya rataya a wuyan masu gine-gine su zaɓi jan ƙarfe a cikin sabbin ayyukan gini. Tagulla ita ce ta farko (kuma har yanzu ita ce ta ƙarshe) saman ƙarfe mai kashe ƙwayoyin cuta wanda EPA ta amince da shi. (Kamfanoni a masana'antar azurfa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin iƙirarin cewa maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ne, wanda a zahiri ya haifar da tarar EPA.) Ƙungiyoyin masana'antar jan ƙarfe sun yi rijistar ƙarfe sama da 400 tare da EPA zuwa yau. "Mun nuna cewa jan ƙarfe-nickel yana da kyau kamar tagulla wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta," in ji shi. Kuma jan ƙarfe ba ya buƙatar yin kama da tsohon ƙaho; ba za a iya bambanta shi da bakin ƙarfe ba.
Dangane da sauran gine-ginen duniya waɗanda ba a sabunta su don su lalata tsoffin kayan aikin jan ƙarfe ba, Keevil yana da shawara: "Kada ku cire su, duk abin da kuka yi. Waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun abubuwan da kuke da su."
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-25-2021