Foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, wannan takardar jan ƙarfe mai sauƙi mai siriri, yana da tsari mai matuƙar sauƙi da rikitarwa na kera shi. Wannan tsari ya haɗa da cirewa da tace jan ƙarfe, ƙera foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, da matakan da za a bi bayan sarrafawa.
Mataki na farko shine haƙowa da tace jan ƙarfe. A cewar bayanai daga Binciken Ƙasa na Amurka (USGS), samar da jan ƙarfe a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 20 a shekarar 2021 (USGS, 2021). Bayan haƙo man jan ƙarfe, ta hanyar matakai kamar niƙa, niƙawa, da kuma flotation, ana iya samun jan ƙarfe mai ɗauke da kusan kashi 30% na jan ƙarfe. Waɗannan jan ƙarfe masu ɗauke da jan ƙarfe suna yin aikin tacewa, gami da narkewa, sake tace mai canzawa, da kuma electrolysis, wanda a ƙarshe yana samar da jan ƙarfe mai kama da electrolytic tare da tsarki har zuwa kashi 99.99%.
Na gaba sai tsarin kera foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, wanda za a iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu dangane da hanyar ƙera shi: foil ɗin jan ƙarfe mai amfani da electrolytic da foil ɗin jan ƙarfe mai birgima.
Ana yin foil ɗin jan ƙarfe na lantarki ta hanyar tsarin electrolytic. A cikin ƙwayar lantarki, anode na jan ƙarfe yana narkewa a hankali a ƙarƙashin aikin electrolyte, kuma ions na jan ƙarfe, waɗanda wutar lantarki ke jagoranta, suna motsawa zuwa ga cathode kuma suna samar da tagulla a saman cathode. Kauri na foil ɗin jan ƙarfe na lantarki yawanci yana tsakanin micrometers 5 zuwa 200, wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi daidai gwargwadon buƙatun fasahar allon kewaye (PCB) da aka buga (Yu, 1988).
A gefe guda kuma, ana yin foil ɗin jan ƙarfe da aka naɗe ta hanyar injiniya. Farawa daga takardar jan ƙarfe mai kauri milimita da yawa, a hankali ana rage shi ta hanyar birgima, daga ƙarshe ana samar da foil ɗin jan ƙarfe mai kauri a matakin micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Wannan nau'in foil ɗin jan ƙarfe yana da saman da ya fi na jan ƙarfe mai laushi, amma tsarin ƙera shi yana cinye ƙarin kuzari.
Bayan an ƙera foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, yawanci yana buƙatar a yi masa aiki bayan an sarrafa shi, gami da annealing, treatment na saman, da sauransu, don inganta aikinsa. Misali, annealing na iya ƙara juriya da tauri na foil ɗin jan ƙarfe, yayin da annealing na saman (kamar oxidation ko coating) na iya ƙara juriyar tsatsa da manne foil ɗin jan ƙarfe.
A taƙaice, duk da cewa tsarin samar da foil na tagulla da ƙera shi yana da sarkakiya, yawan fitar da kayayyaki yana da matuƙar tasiri ga rayuwarmu ta zamani. Wannan wata alama ce ta ci gaban fasaha, tana mai da albarkatun ƙasa zuwa samfuran fasaha ta zamani ta hanyar dabarun ƙera kayayyaki na musamman.
Duk da haka, tsarin ƙera foil ɗin jan ƙarfe yana kuma kawo wasu ƙalubale, ciki har da amfani da makamashi, tasirin muhalli, da sauransu. A cewar wani rahoto, samar da tan 1 na jan ƙarfe yana buƙatar kimanin 220GJ na makamashi, kuma yana samar da tan 2.2 na hayakin carbon dioxide (Nortey et al., 2014). Saboda haka, muna buƙatar nemo hanyoyin da suka fi inganci da kuma dacewa da muhalli don samar da foil ɗin jan ƙarfe.
Wata mafita mai yiwuwa ita ce amfani da jan ƙarfe da aka sake yin amfani da shi don samar da jan ƙarfe. An ruwaito cewa yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da jan ƙarfe da aka sake yin amfani da shi kashi 20% ne kawai na jan ƙarfe na farko, kuma yana rage amfani da albarkatun ma'adinan jan ƙarfe (UNEP, 2011). Bugu da ƙari, tare da ci gaban fasaha, za mu iya haɓaka dabarun kera jan ƙarfe mai inganci da adana makamashi, wanda hakan zai ƙara rage tasirin muhalli.
A ƙarshe, tsarin samar da foil ɗin jan ƙarfe da ƙera shi wani fanni ne na fasaha wanda ke cike da ƙalubale da damammaki. Duk da cewa mun sami ci gaba mai yawa, har yanzu akwai aiki mai yawa da za a yi don tabbatar da cewa foil ɗin jan ƙarfe zai iya biyan buƙatunmu na yau da kullun yayin da muke kare muhallinmu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-08-2023