Bakin jan karfe, wannan da alama mai sauƙi ultra-bakin takardar tagulla, yana da tsari mai ƙayyadaddun tsari da sarƙaƙƙiya. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi hakowa da tace tagulla, kera foil ɗin tagulla, da matakan sarrafawa.
Mataki na farko shine hakar da kuma tace tagulla. Dangane da bayanai daga Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka (USGS), samar da tama a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 20 a cikin 2021 (USGS, 2021). Bayan hakar taman tagulla, ta hanyar matakai kamar murkushewa, niƙa, da iyo, ana iya samun jan ƙarfe da kusan 30% abun ciki na jan karfe. Waɗannan abubuwan jan ƙarfe suna yin aikin tacewa, gami da narkewa, tacewa, da electrolysis, a ƙarshe suna haifar da jan ƙarfe na lantarki tare da tsafta kamar 99.99%.
Na gaba ya zo da tsarin masana'anta na tagulla, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu dangane da hanyar masana'anta: foil na tagulla na electrolytic da kuma birgima na jan karfe.
Ana yin foil ɗin jan ƙarfe na lantarki ta hanyar tsarin lantarki. A cikin cell electrolytic, jan anode a hankali narkar da karkashin aikin electrolyte, da kuma jan karfe ions, kore ta halin yanzu, matsa zuwa ga cathode da samar da tagulla adibas a kan cathode surface. Kauri na electrolytic foil jan karfe yawanci jeri daga 5 zuwa 200 micrometers, wanda za a iya sarrafa daidai bisa ga buƙatun bugu na kewayen hukumar (PCB) fasahar (Yu, 1988).
Nadiddigar tagulla, a gefe guda, ana yin ta ne da injina. An fara daga takardar tagulla mai kauri da yawa milimita, sannu a hankali ana yin siriri ta hanyar birgima, a ƙarshe yana samar da foil ɗin tagulla tare da kauri a matakin micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Irin wannan foil ɗin tagulla yana da santsi fiye da foil ɗin jan ƙarfe na electrolytic, amma tsarin aikin sa yana cin kuzari.
Bayan an ƙera foil ɗin tagulla, yawanci yana buƙatar yin aiki bayan sarrafawa, gami da annealing, jiyya na sama, da sauransu, don haɓaka aikin sa. Misali, annealing na iya haɓaka ductility da taurin jikin tagulla, yayin da jiyya ta sama (kamar oxidation ko shafi) na iya haɓaka juriya na lalata da mannewa na tagulla.
A taƙaice, ko da yake samarwa da kuma ƙera kayan aikin ƙarfe na jan karfe yana da rikitarwa, samfurin samfurin yana da tasiri mai zurfi a rayuwarmu ta zamani. Wannan wata alama ce ta ci gaban fasaha, mai mai da albarkatun ƙasa zuwa samfuran fasahar zamani ta hanyar ingantattun dabarun kera.
Duk da haka, tsarin kera foil na tagulla kuma yana kawo wasu ƙalubale, ciki har da amfani da makamashi, tasirin muhalli, da dai sauransu. A cewar wani rahoto, samar da tan 1 na tagulla yana buƙatar kusan 220GJ na makamashi, kuma yana samar da tan 2.2 na hayaƙin carbon dioxide (Northey). et al., 2014). Don haka, muna buƙatar nemo hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa da muhalli don samar da foil ɗin tagulla.
Wata mafita mai yuwuwa ita ce a yi amfani da jan karfe da aka sake yin fa'ida don samar da foil na tagulla. An ba da rahoton cewa makamashin da ake amfani da shi na samar da tagulla da aka sake yin fa'ida shine kawai kashi 20% na na tagulla na farko, kuma yana rage yawan amfani da albarkatun taman tagulla (UNEP, 2011). Bugu da kari, tare da ci gaban fasaha, za mu iya inganta ingantattun dabarun kera foil na tagulla, da kara rage tasirin muhallinsu.
A ƙarshe, samarwa da tsarin kera kayan aikin tagulla filin fasaha ne mai cike da kalubale da dama. Duk da cewa mun sami ci gaba sosai, har yanzu akwai sauran aiki a gaba don tabbatar da cewa tagulla za ta iya biyan bukatunmu na yau da kullun tare da kare muhallinmu.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-08-2023